1. |
Negative beliefs
that pain is harmful or potentially severely disabling. |
2. |
Fear avoidance behaviour,
with reduced activity. |
3. |
An expectation that
passive, rather than active treatment is beneficial. |
4. |
Excessive focus
on pain. |
5. |
Depressed mood,
low morale and social withdrawal. |
6. |
Low self-efficacy.
|
7. |
Co-existing social
or financial problems. |
8. |
Poor job satisfaction.
|
|