Table 3: Risk factors

The family The parents The child
  1. One parent family

  2. One step-parent

  3. Low parental education

  4. Low occupational status

  5. Low income

  6. Unemployment

  7. Marital problems

  8. Health problems

  9. Chaotic or obsessively

  10. Social isolation

  11. Criminality

  12. Frequent address changes

  13. Crisis or tension in family

  14. Cultural beliefs

  15. New immigrants

  16. Domestic violence
  1. History of childhood abuse

  2. Childhood rejection, deprivations

  3. History of domestic violence

  4. History of recurrent illness

  5. Alcoholism, drug abuse, gambling

  6. Unreasonable expectation on the child

  7. Strong belief in harsh discipline/corporal punishment

  8. Overly critical

  9. Parent immaturity

  10. Low-self esteem

  11. Passiveness

  12. Low intelligence

  13. Low stress tolerance

  14. Diffusion and confusion in family roles

  15. Sexual problems

  16. Inadequate parenting
  1. Premature birth

  2. Unwanted child

  3. Illegitimate child

  4. Feeding or sleeping problems

  5. Non-thriving baby

  6. Early separation from parents

  7. Complicated birth delivery

  8. Conflicting child care rearing practices

  9. Physical or mental disability organized home

  10. Child associated with family misfortune

  11. Poor anger control