| 1. | Regarding impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Chinese hypertensive patients in primary care, which statement is FALSE? |
| A. | Being on thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics has been identified as a factor associated with the development of diabetes. |
| B. | The risk of developing DM in the group of patients with FG 5.6-6.0mmo/l was actually not high, and so it fully justified American Diabetic Associations lowering its threshold of definition for IFG to 5.6mmol/l. |
| C. | Early identification of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) could allow prompt management and hence reducing the incidence of diabetes and its related morbidity and mortality. |
| D. | The recommended test for patients with IFG to diagnose IGT and diabetes is Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). |
| E. | Essential hypertension is an insulin resistant state. |
| 2. | Which CORRECT conclusion could be made from the study “Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) among Chinese hypertensive patients in two Hong Kong primary care clinics: use the ADA criteria or WHO criteria?” |
| A. | Beta-blockers can still be used as a first-line anti-hypertensive in the treatment of hypertension. |
| B. | Risk factors for diabetes such as obesity and hypertension were statistically significant in this study. |
| C. | A younger age and lower HDL-C level were found to be risk factors for the newly diagnosed diabetes patients in this study. |
| D. | By using HbA1c level to screen patients with IFG, half of patients with actual diabetes would be missed. |
| E. | The positive predictive value of diabetes in Chinese hypertensive patients would be significantly decreased with the ADA criteria for IFG of 5.6mmol/l while the number needed to screen for diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance would be tripled. |
| 3. | Which of the following statements concerning post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in intimate partner violence (IPV) is CORRECT? |
| A. | Dissociation is a predictor. |
| B. | Emotion focused coping is a predictor. |
| C. | Fear is a predictor. |
| D. | Lack of social support is a predictor. |
| E. | All of the above are correct. |
| 4. | Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of PTSD in IPV is INCORRECT? |
| A. | Removal from the IPV situation. |
| B. | SSRIs are the first line medical treatment. |
| C. | Risperidone could commonly be used as the sole medication to treat resistant PTSD symptoms. |
| D. | Cognitive processing therapy aims to reduce fear. |
| E. | Cognitive behavioral therapy can also reduce PTSD symptoms. |
| 5. | In her discussion paper, Dr Iona Heath makes the following points EXCEPT: |
| A. | Within the consultation, both the doctor and the patient oscillate between perceiving the body as an object and as a subject. |
| B. | The use of modern sophisticated diagnostic technologies has resulted in better diagnosis and disease outcome, one example being the decrease in mortality from thyroid cancer noted with ultrasound screening in South Korea. |
| C. | As doctors, it is important for us to understand the details of the lives of our patients. |
| D. | Medicine and medical research have a strong bias towards the body as an object and to marginalise subjective experiences. |
| E. | The human mind has an influence on the functioning of the body - both happiness and despair can affect a person’s prognosis. |
| 6. | Adverse childhood experiences have the following effects on our patients’ lives EXCEPT for: |
| A. | People with six or more adverse childhood experiences died nearly 20 years earlier on average than those without any. |
| B. | The exposure to repeated stress responses to a child’s developing brains would lead to impairment in multiple brain structures and functions. |
| C. | Adverse child experiences could lead to the early adoption of risky health behaviours. |
| D. | With an emphasis on individual risk factor, treatment with pharmaceuticals would also help to benefit the health effects of socioeconomic inequality. |
| E. | Slow growth to the age of 7 years has been associated with an increased risk of unemployment in young men. |